Using AI Agents to Learn and Research Less Commonly Taught Languages

Dominik Lukeš, [email protected]

Getting to know each other

Getting to know each other

About me now

Getting to know each other

Past 1

Getting to know each other

Past 2

Getting to know each other

Past 3

Getting to know each other

About you

• Languages
  • Speak
  • Study
  • Teach
• Methods
  • Grammar
  • Corpus
  • Literary analysis
• Use of AI
  • ChatGPT
  • other

About AI today

About AI today

Evolution of AI roles

AI as oracle

• that answers questions

AI as personal assistant

• that takes dictation

AI as research assistant

• that does searches

AI as tool maker

• that makes apps

AI as tool user

• that uses computer tools on your behalf

About AI today

Components of AI

-

• Orchestration

Model

About AI today

What does the model do?

Cognitive baseline

• Undestanding user intent
• Making plans and pros and cons
• Following instructions

Knowledge baseline

• Facts about the world
• Metalinguistic knowledge

Linguistic baseline

• Write text in any (computer language)
• Basic metalinguistic knowledge

Multimodal baseline

• Interpreting images
• Interpreting audio/video

Tool using baseline

• Knowledge about computer
• Writing code to trigger tools

About AI today

What is the model like?

About AI today

Large Language Model is a Universal translator

• language-to-language
• style-to-style
• unstructured-to-structured / structured-to-unstructured
• text-to-code / code-to-text
• image-to-text / text-to-image
• question-to-answer / answer-to-question
• problem-to-plan
• need-to-tool

About AI today

One fundamental difference between humans and LLMs

Continual learning

About AI today

Limitations of the cognitive baseline

• Meta language
• Less commonly represented languages
• Some types of images

About AI today

What do you need to know about models

1-4b

Small

8-14b

Smallish

30b

Largish

400m-2T

Large

About AI today

Some models are better at language

• Google
  • Language
• OpenAI
  • Coding
  • Reasoning
• Anthropic
  • Coding
  • Planning
• Kimi
  • Creative writing
• Qwen
  • Good small models
• Mistral
  • Also ran

Differnces between models

Differnces between models

Background knowledge

Differnces between models

Ability to retrieve knowledge

Differnces between models

Meta language

Differnces between models

Rich creativity

Differnces between models

Meta language issues

Differnces between models

Really small languages

Differnces between models

Tetun

AI the Tool Maker

AI the Tool Maker

What AI Can do now

AI the Tool Maker

Case tables

Hand-made

LLM Made

Vibecoding in Google AI Studio: Case of Above the Line

Vibecoding in Google AI Studio: Case of Above the Line

Interlinear translation in Chatbot canvas

Vibecoding in Google AI Studio: Case of Above the Line

Ask a Chatbot

Vibecoding in Google AI Studio: Case of Above the Line

Build an app

AI the Toolmaker

AI the Toolmaker

From Chatbot to Desktop Agent

AI the Toolmaker

How it works: chatbot vs agent

Chatbot

• Prompt
• Documents
• Web-search
• Model responds

Agent

• User types prompt
• Model makes plan
• Model calls tools (search, code, command)
• Computer runs tools and sends results to model
• Model changes plan
• Model responds

AI the Toolmaker

ChatGPT vs Codex

ChatGPT

• Web
• Uploaded files
• Locked

Codex

• Desktop
• Local files
• Transferable

AI the Toolmaker

What gets sent to the model

Task	What may be enough
Organise	File name, size, dates, header, excerpt
Summarise	Part of the file or the whole file
Interpret	Part of the file or the whole file

AI the Toolmaker

ChatGPT and Codex comparison

Topic	ChatGPT	Codex
Main form	Cloud-based app	Desktop app
How you control it	By chatting	By chatting
Model power	GPT-5 family	GPT-5 family
Where chat history lives	In the cloud app	In the Codex app, but important project state should still be saved into files
Where working files live	Cloud or uploaded into the cloud app	Local machine
What tools it can use	Limited by ChatGPT Code Interpreter	Anything you can do on your computer with the keyboard

AI the Toolmaker

Five things you can do with Codex

• Catalogue and organise data
• Manage projects and create project outputs
• Build and maintain a note system
• Create small tools, websites, and dissemination outputs
• Interact with a remote service

AI the Toolmaker

Examples

AI the Toolmaker

How was it made

• Codex
  • Load skill
  • Follow instructions
  • Run script
• Agent Skill
  • Set of instructions
  • Pre-made scripts

AI the Toolmaker

What else you can do

• Access corpus
• Run analysis
• Visualise the results

AI the Toolmaker

Corpus skill

AI the Toolmaker

Visualisations

AI the Toolmaker

Doesn't have to be Czech

AI the Toolmaker

Next steps: Try skills in

• Codex
• Antigravity
• Claude Code

Thank you

Dominik Lukeš, [email protected]