Mapping the Landscape, Michealmas 2026

Given at Mapping the Landscape, Michealmas 2026

Mapping the Landscape of AI Applications and Industry Developments

Dominik Lukes · AI Competency Centre, University of Oxford

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Mapping the Landscape of AI Applications and Industry Developments

Mapping the Landscape, Michealmas 2026

Mapping the Landscape of AI Applications and Industry Developments

Dominik Lukes · AI Competency Centre, University of Oxford

Introduction

More practical sessions in AI SIG

teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3ASOPV8PdXN…

Mapping the landscape series aims

  • Understand what is happening in AI
  • Identify opportunities
  • What is available to you
  • How to use it

Join MondAI for Latest News every second Monday

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The landscape of AI industry

What is AI landscape

Models
  • General
  • Specialised
Chatbots
  • First party
  • Combined
Apps
  • AI-first
  • AI-enhanced

What makes AI work: MO

Model
  • Intelligence
Orchestration
  • Software

What do you need to use AI

  • Model
    • Source of intelligence
    • Can only be "controlled" by prompt
    • Text or media converted to vectors
    • Model = numbers in and numbers out
  • Interacting with model
    • Chatbot
      • User prompts
      • Model responds
    • App
      • User clicks
      • App sends prompt
      • Model send result
      • App parses result

Three sources of progress

  • Better models
  • New orchestration
  • New usecases

Established leaders in the AI industry

  • OpenAI
    • ChatGPT
    • Codex
    • GPT-series models
    • Audio and image models
  • Anthropic
    • Claude
    • Claude Code
    • Coding Models
  • Google
    • Gemini models
    • Audio, video and image models
    • Gemini Notebooks (NotebookLM)
    • Antigravity
    • Google AI Studio
    • Google Suite integration

New (re)entrants

  • Meta
    • Muse models
    • Muse.ai
    • Muse Code
  • SpaceX AI
    • Grok models
    • Audio and image models
    • GrokBot
    • Cursor
  • Microsoft
    • MAI models (voice, image)
    • Microsoft 365 Copilot
    • GitHub Copilot

Rise of China

  • DeepSeek
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Z.ai
  • Xiaomi
  • Kimi (Moonshot)
  • Minimax

Current pattern from AI frontier lab offering

  • Model family
  • Chatbot
  • Coding agent
  • Free use with limits
  • Subscription plan with credits

Companies and products building on models

  • Notion
  • Lovable
  • Gamma
  • Figma
  • Canva
  • Manus

Companies integrating models to add features

  • Adobe
  • Salesforce
  • Cloudflare
  • Amazon
  • Apple
  • Canvas (Instructure)
  • Oracle

State of AI Apps

a16z Top 100 Companies

  • Web apps
  • Mobile apps
  • Profitable apps
  • ChatGPT vs others

Key app categories

  • Productivity
    • Notion
    • Microsoft
  • Multi media
    • ElevenLabs
    • Speechify
    • Runway
  • Meeting transcription
    • Otter.ai
    • Granola
  • Research
    • Elicit
    • Consensus
    • Manus
    • Perplexity
  • Coding
    • Lovable
    • Replit
    • Cognition (Devin)
  • Design
    • Figma
    • Canva
    • Gamma

Agents: New product category

Dean W. Ball, Among the Agents, 9 Jan 2026

By the end of this year, the least important thing you will be able to do with frontier AI systems will be getting chatbots to answer questions.

Dean W. Ball, Among the Agents, 9 Jan 2026

From webapp chatbot to desktop agent

  • OpenAI
    • ChatGPT
    • Codex
  • Anthropic
    • Claude.ai
    • Claude Code
  • Google
    • Gemini
    • Antigravity

ChatGPT Web v Desktop key differences

ChatGPT Web
  • Web-based app
  • Uses basic tools
  • Works on uploaded files
ChatGPT Desktop
  • Desktop app
  • Uses tools in local sandbox
  • Works on local files

ChatGPT Work on web vs desktop

Work on Web
  • Gives you virtual machine
  • Uses connectors to get to files
Work on Desktop
  • Works on your local files
  • Functionally equivalent to Codex

But wait there's more

But wait there's more

Jensen Huang

Every company in the world today needs to have an OpenClaw strategy, an agentic system strategy.

This is the new computer."

Jensen Huang, 17 Mar 2026

A new category: assistants that are always on

    1. February: OpenClaw: running on your own computer, talks on WhatsApp
    1. 29 June: Microsoft announce Autopilot
    1. 11 August: SpaceXAI launches Grok Bot
    1. 8 September: Meta Muse, hosted for you.
    1. 29 September: OpenAI dots, hosted for you.

Prices of chatbots vs agents

2023
  • ChatGPT Plus: $20 a month
2026
  • Full agent use: $100 to $500 a month

Growth of paying subscribers

Growth of paying subscribers

Growth driven by superusers

The top 1% of AI payers account for 19.5% of observed spending; the bottom 50% account for 16.6%

What people are spending

youtube.com/watch?v=V6iNuMtAUrA&t=3189

Coming up

  • AI for research
  • Model landscape
  • AI agents

Thank you

Mapping the Landscape, Michealmas 2026

Thank you

Dominik Lukes · AI Competency Centre, University of Oxford
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